Long-established programming languages ​​such as Java, C or JavaScript are usually the right choice for beginners. But are they still forward-looking? These are the players of tomorrow, you really should learn in 2019.

New programming languages ​​are becoming increasingly important. Some of them are growing at a fast pace and are increasingly appearing in job advertisements. Depending on whether you are developing for the web, backend or smartphones. Almost everywhere there are new programming languages ​​that you should take a closer look at.

You should learn these programming languages ​​in 2019

Languages ​​such as JavaScript, C ++ or Java are still leading the list of the most widely used programming languages. But how much longer? Are the languages ​​of the last century really modern enough? These (mostly) new programming languages ​​put a lot of pressure and are worth learning.

Not just in web development: TypeScript

In the web development there are for years always the same languages ​​that you should have on it. Do you want to develop in the segment, you can not do around JavaScript. If you speak the language, you are definitely in a good position. But since 2012 there is a new player from Microsoft: TypeScript . Unlike JavaScript, TypeScript is statically typed and gives you more control over your own code.

But do not worry! If you master JavaScript, you will be able to familiarize yourself quickly with TypeScript. Because TypeScript understands JavaScript and vice versa. You can continue to use the many libraries and frameworks or other existing JavaScript code without any problems with TypeScript. Also important: in the end, TypeScript is transposed into JavaScript so that TypeScript is compatible with as many browsers.

Why should you get involved in TypeScript? Not only are more and more frameworks such as Angular relying on TypeScript. In 2018, the language was the third-fastest growing programming language on GitHub, and also ranked # 7 in the platform for the most widely used languages. And that after only six years.

Python for artificial intelligence, backend and much more

Although Python is a couple of years older and comes from the 90s, the tight programming style is growing steadily and is ranked # 3 in the most widely used languages ​​on GitHub. A big advantage of Python is the platform independence: It runs on almost all operating systems. With it you can program object-oriented or procedural. Python is a good choice for artificial intelligence , backend and more. Overall, Python is almost universally applicable. With the appropriate tools even user interfaces are possible. In addition, Python is easy to learn and has many libraries.

Android: Kotlin is incredibly popular and is growing fastest

In May 2017, Google Kotlin has declared Java as the official Android programming language . Since then, the language originating from the house Jetbrains grows seemingly unstoppable. The language is incredibly popular and even the fastest growing programming language of 2018 on GitHub. It has many advantages over Java and makes it easy to migrate Java codebase applications. Through interoperability, you can rewrite your project bit by bit in Kotlin .

Why Kotlin instead of Java? Kotlin is only a few years old and thus has many modern features on board, which have only gradually been added to Java more and more badly. The zero security, very simple syntax for lambda functions and language constructs that significantly reduce the code compared to Java, Kotlin is definitely one of the must-haves for Android . Whoever writes a new project should, if possible, rely on Kotlin. Also, because Jetbrains is working on features for multiplatform projects with Kotlin . So you can write native apps for Android and iOS.

iOS: Swift instead of Objective-C

If you’re still developing iOS apps with Objective-C then it’s time to learn Swift . The language was introduced in 2014 and is considered a modern alternative to Objective-C for iOS and macOS. It has many similarities to Kotlin and at least as many advantages over Objective-C as Jetbrains’ language over Java. Swift makes the development of apps for iPhones and Co. significantly easier, which is why Apple developers should look at the language since 2014. Who has not done so, has a new resolution for the year 2019.

Rust: Reliable, performant and productive

With these words Mozilla advertises its 2010 announced programming language Rust. It is the most popular language in the Stackoverflow survey 2018 and the fifth fastest growing on GitHub. Rust also relies on static typing and wants to largely prevent zero pointer and stack overflow errors at runtime. Rust positions itself between low-level languages ​​like C and higher languages ​​like Java. The programming language allows a high level of abstraction by combining various programming paradigms and uses a type system that is usual for functional languages ​​instead of a garbage collector for memory management. The language can be used, among other things, for CLI tools, web assemblies and network services.

Rust is an alternative for C and C ++, which wants to eliminate many dangers and errors at runtime. But since Rust is still very young, there are still a few places where tools and libraries are lacking, so that the language can compete with the long-established programming language C in the long run.

Go from Google for cloud computing

The open-source programming language Go was developed by Google dissatisfaction with Java and C ++. It is especially relevant for cloud computing . The language was created with the focus on efficiency and productive development. In order not to jeopardize existing code, Go should continue to be compatible with the first version in later versions. Who controls Go, can certainly save time, but the training period is quite high and laborious.